Category: MIL-OSI

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

The ACCC has granted interim authorisation to enable Qantas Airways Ltd, Emirates and their related entities to continue coordinating their passenger and cargo transport operations while the ACCC assesses their substantive application for authorisation.

Qantas and Emirates have an existing authorisation granted in 2018 that will expire on 31 March 2023. Under the existing authorisation Qantas and Emirates can coordinate their operations across their respective networks, covering routes between Australia and UK/Europe, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. The parties have made a new application for authorisation so they can continue their operational coordination for another five years after the existing authorisation expires.

“The interim authorisation commences immediately and allows the parties to continue coordinating their operations while the ACCC considers and evaluates the merits of the substantive application for authorisation,” ACCC Commissioner Anna Brakey said.

“The ACCC may review the interim authorisation at any time and its interim authorisation decision should not be taken to be indicative of whether or not final authorisation will be granted.”

Further information and a copy of the interim authorisation decision are available on the ACCC’s public register at Qantas Airways Limited and Emirates.

Notes to editors

ACCC authorisation provides statutory protection from court action for conduct that might otherwise raise concerns under the competition provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act 2020 (CCA).

Section 91 of the CCA allows the ACCC to grant interim authorisation when it considers it is appropriate. This allows the parties to engage in the proposed conduct while the ACCC is considering the merits of the substantive application.

The ACCC may review a decision on interim authorisation at any time, including in response to feedback raised following interim authorisation.

Broadly, the ACCC may grant authorisation when it is satisfied that the likely public benefit from the conduct outweighs any likely public detriment

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

The ACCC will examine the expanding ecosystems of digital platform service providers in Australia as part of its’ five-year Digital Platform Services Inquiry.

Large digital platform service providers, like Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Meta (Facebook) and Microsoft, continue to invest heavily across different sectors and technologies, creating a web of interconnected products and services.

“Australian consumers and businesses are increasingly reliant on the products and services offered by digital platforms so it’s crucial we examine how these companies are expanding their reach,” ACCC Chair Gina Cass-Gottlieb said.

Selection of the different sectors and technologies Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta and Microsoft have expanded into in Australia over the past decade.

An issues paper, published today, poses questions and seeks submissions from consumers, businesses and interested stakeholders about the investment decisions made by digital platforms, the interconnectedness of expanded products and services within each ecosystem and the potential impacts on competition and consumers.

The interim report will examine products and services offered by digital platform service providers across a variety of sectors and will use examples like the expansion into consumer cloud storage and smart home devices to analyse the relationships between digital platform services and various services offered in their digital platform ecosystems.

“We’re eager to hear from consumers and business about their experiences with digital platform services within these ecosystems, and how they also use other related consumer cloud storage services and smart home devices within a digital platform ecosystem,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

“Large digital platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, they have access to enormous user data bases and personal information across their ecosystems.”

“This report will assess how that data can leveraged across products and services within an ecosystem that may prevent businesses from entering and competing,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

The interim report will also examine the expansion strategies used by digital platform service providers and how this has affected interoperability of products and services across ecosystems and if it has increased consumer lock-in behaviours or other conduct like bundling, tying or self-preferencing to inhibit competition.

Excessive collection and potentially problematic use of personal data or other behaviours such as dark patterns to confuse or manipulate consumers will also be considered.

“Interconnected products, like smart home devices and cloud storage solutions, can provide consumers with a seamless experience that simplifies everyday tasks, but it’s important that competition and consumers are not harmed as digital platforms invest across different sectors and technologies and expand their reach,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

Submissions are due by 5 April 2023 and can be made by emailing digitalmonitoring@accc.gov.au.

Background

The ACCC’s Digital Platforms Branch is conducting a five-year inquiry into markets for the supply of digital platform services in Australia and their impacts on competition and consumers, following a direction from the Treasurer in 2020. The inquiry reports to the Treasurer every six months and examines different forms of digital platform services, their advertising services as well as data brokers.

This issues paper will inform the ACCC’s seventh report due to be submitted to the Treasurer by 30 September 2023. The ACCC’s sixth report on competition and consumer issues relating to social media services in Australia is due to the Treasurer by 31 March 2023.

Previous reports are published at Digital platforms services inquiry 2020-25.

Notes to the editor

‘Bundling’ refers to where a supplier only offers two products or services as a package, or for a lower price if the two products or services are purchased together.

‘Dark patterns’ refers to the design of user interfaces intended to confuse users, make it difficult for users to express their actual preferences, or manipulate users into taking certain actions.

‘Self-preferencing’ refers to where a platform gives preferential treatment to its own products and services when they compete with products and services provided by third parties using their service.

‘Tying’ in this context refers to when a digital platform makes access to a service conditional on using another service.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

Domestic airfares have declined from historic highs at the end of 2022; however, they remain above 2019 prices, the ACCC’s latest Airline Competition in Australia report reveals.

The quarterly report, released today, shows that after hitting a 15-year high in December 2022, the price of discount fares decreased by a third in real terms in January 2023.

Average revenue per passenger, which represents average prices across all fare types, declined by 13 per cent in real terms between December 2022 and January 2023. Despite the falls, average revenue per passenger remained 13 per cent higher in real terms (29 per cent in nominal terms) than it was in 2019.

“While it’s positive to see airfares fall from record highs in 2022, passengers are still generally paying more to fly today than they were before the pandemic,” ACCC Commissioner Anna Brakey said.

“Airfares typically come down after the Christmas travel peak due to a seasonal decrease in demand, however some of this reduction is also explained by the airlines increasing their seat capacity.”  

The industry made 5.9 million seats available for travel in January 2023, the highest in more than six months. Qantas flew at 102 per cent of its pre-pandemic capacity, Virgin at 96 per cent and Jetstar at 84 per cent.

The price of jet fuel has fallen recently after peaking in mid-2022 due to the war in Ukraine. The price was 35 per cent lower in real terms at the end of February 2023 than it was in June 2022.

“The price of jet fuel has been trending down which should enable airlines to reduce airfares further in coming months,” Ms Brakey said.

While airlines increased capacity, this did not result in more passengers flying. In January, 4.4 million passengers flew within Australia, which is 89 per cent of pre-pandemic levels. Higher capacity and a seasonal reduction in demand resulted in more empty seats, leading to a fall in the industry load factor from 83 per cent in October 2022 to 75 per cent in January 2023.

The airlines’ on-time performance improved in January 2023. The industry reported 23.9 per cent of flights arrived late in January. Most airlines have improved their delay and cancellation rates over the last few months. Jetstar’s performance was relatively poorer, reporting the highest rate of delayed (34.6 per cent) and cancelled (7.3 per cent) flights in January.

“The airlines generally managed to increase their levels of flying without significantly compromising their on-time performance,” Ms Brakey said.

“After extensive operational challenges for much of 2022, most airlines appear to be getting closer to their pre-pandemic capability.”

In late January low-cost carrier Bonza became the first high-capacity passenger airline to enter the domestic market in 15 years. Bonza is predominantly operating on previously unserved routes that connect regional centres to holiday destinations, allowing passengers to travel directly rather than via a major city.

Bonza’s network covers 27 routes across Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.

“Bonza’s entry to the domestic market provides increased route choice which is good news for Australian consumers,” Ms Brakey said.

“The new budget airline will provide travellers on the east coast of Australia with new and direct connections, as well as competition on certain routes.”

Jetstar transported 26.9 per cent of all domestic passengers in January 2023, an increase of nearly four percentage points from the last quarter. The budget carrier typically records an increase at this time of year when people are increasingly flying for leisure rather than business. Qantas’ market share fell to 34.8 per cent and Virgin Australia had a market share of 33.4 per cent. Rex flew 4.9 per cent of all domestic passengers.

The ACCC’s report is the 11th and penultimate report under the direction from the Australian Government to monitor prices, costs and profits in domestic air passenger services. The direction expires in June 2023.

Index of average fare revenue per passenger across all routes – January 2019 to January 2023

Source: ACCC calculations using data from the ABS and data collected by the ACCC from Qantas, Jetstar, Virgin Australia and Rex.

Note: The average revenue per passenger includes both economy and business fare revenue. It excludes ancillaries and Tigerair data. Data has been adjusted for inflation using the latest ABS CPI quarterly data up to December 2022.

Price index of discount economy airfares weighted across 70 busiest domestic routes – February 2020 to February 2023

Source: The Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Economics (BITRE) Domestic Air Fares (Best Discount) index (cheapest available economy airfares).

Note: Grey bars indicate December and Easter holiday periods. Airfares recorded April 2021–February 2022 may be impacted by the government’s half-price ticket program (TANS).

Background

On 19 June 2020, the ACCC was directed by the then Treasurer to monitor the prices, costs and profits of Australia’s domestic airline industry and provide quarterly reports to inform Government policy. The direction expires in June 2023.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

The ACCC proposes to grant authorisation with conditions for 12 months to allow the major supermarkets to continue collaborating on a short-term solution to manage the soft plastics stockpile and to facilitate the resumption of in-store collections for recycling.

A public consultation process on the draft determination will begin shortly.

The ACCC granted conditional interim authorisation to Coles, Woolworths and ALDI in November 2022, following REDcycle’s announcement it was suspending its return-to-store soft plastics recycling. The supermarkets, via the Soft Plastics Taskforce, released a Roadmap to Restart plan which outlines its work to date and its roadmap over the next 12 months to manage the stockpile and resume collections.

“The REDcycle liquidation has provoked a lot of community concern and this proposed authorisation will allow the supermarkets to develop and implement a solution to potentially address the environmental risk of the existing stockpile of soft plastics and future waste,” ACCC Deputy Chair Mick Keogh said.

“We believe the authorisation will lead to public benefits such as the developing of interim solutions to be jointly funded by the supermarkets, the maximising the opportunities to divert soft plastics from landfill and ensuring clear and consistent messaging to consumers on the resumption of in-store collections.”

“Given our proposed authorisation is for 12 months, the supermarkets would need to apply for authorisation for any longer-term solutions,” Mr Keogh said.

The ACCC may grant an authorisation for any conduct that could raise concerns under the competition provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act when it is satisfied that the likely public benefit from the conduct outweighs any likely public detriment.

“We are proposing to grant authorisation with conditions to ensure there is continued transparency on the progress of the roadmap and that the public are kept up to date,” Mr Keogh said.

The interim authorisation remains in place and will continue until it is revoked, the application for authorisation is withdrawn, or the date the ACCC’s final determination comes into effect.

“Separate to this authorisation application, the ACCC continues to engage with industry stakeholders and representative bodies to ensure clarity and transparency in communications so as to minimise the risk of consumers being misled by representations on packaging about the recycling of soft plastics,” Mr Keogh said.

More information is available on the ACCC’s website public registers.

Background

REDcycle was an industry-led program developed and implemented by the RG Programs and Services Pty Ltd, a Melbourne-based consultation and recycling organisation. Since 2011, it had been the only return-to-store, soft plastics recovery program in Australia, facilitating the collection and processing of soft plastics into a variety of durable recycled plastic products. Soft plastics include food packaging, plastic bags, cling wrap and bubble wrap.

Product manufacturers and the major supermarkets partnered with REDcycle to run the program. REDcycle provided some initial processing and then delivered the materials to its partner recycling facilities to process the soft plastics into new recycled plastic products, or otherwise utilise the recovered materials.

The scheme had been running in nearly 2000 supermarket outlets across the country, with collection points in Coles and Woolworths supermarkets, and more recently since July 2022, in ALDI stores.

On 9 November 2022 REDcycle announced that it was suspending its soft plastics collection program as its recycling partners had temporarily stopped accepting and processing soft plastics. The suspension of the REDcycle program removed the only established and widespread recycling pathway for consumers and created significant concerns about existing stockpiles and how consumers can recycle soft plastics.

Following REDcycle’s announcement, Coles and Woolworths each announced that they would be suspending soft plastics collections from their stores until further notice.

On 25 November 2022, the ACCC granted interim authorisation to the supermarkets.

On 27 February 2023, REDcycle was declared insolvent and a liquidator was appointed.

On 7 March 2023, the Soft Plastics Taskforce issued a Roadmap to Restart for the resumption of in-store collection.

The Soft Plastics Taskforce is chaired by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

Qantas Airways, China Eastern and their related entities can continue coordinating their passenger and cargo transport operations following an interim authorisation from the ACCC.

Under an existing authorisation granted in 2021 Qantas and China Eastern can coordinate their operations across their respective networks, covering routes between Australia and mainland China.

The parties applied for re-authorisation to continue their operational coordination for another year after the existing authorisation expires on 31 March 2023.

“The interim authorisation commences immediately and allows Qantas and China Eastern to continue their operational coordination while the ACCC considers the merits of the substantive application for authorisation,” ACCC Commissioner Anna Brakey said.

“This interim authorisation decision should not be taken as an indication that the final authorisation will be granted.”

Further information and a copy of the interim authorisation decision are available on the ACCC’s public register at: Qantas Airways Limited and China Eastern.

Notes to editors

ACCC authorisation provides statutory protection from court action for conduct that might otherwise raise concerns under the competition provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act 2020 (CCA).

Section 91 of the CCA allows the ACCC to grant interim authorisation when it considers it is appropriate. This allows the parties to engage in the proposed conduct while the ACCC is considering the merits of the substantive application.

Broadly, the ACCC may grant authorisation when it is satisfied that the likely public benefit from the conduct outweighs any likely public detriment.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

The ACCC’s March 2023 interim gas inquiry report has found there should be sufficient gas supply in the east coast gas market against forecast demand if LNG producers contract another 3 petajoules (PJ) of gas in 2023.

This represents an improvement of 27 PJ since the previous forecast in January.

The interim report compiles supply data from producers and demand data based on LNG sales forecasts and AEMO forecasts of domestic gas demand to give an outlook for the remainder of 2023.

“The available data shows that the outlook for the east coast gas market has improved and the market is not expected to face a material shortfall in 2023,” ACCC Chair Gina Cass-Gottlieb said.

“If LNG producers commit an extra 3 PJ of gas to the domestic market, in addition to amounts already contracted, a shortfall will likely be avoided, but we remain concerned about adequacy of gas supply in the winter months.”

The improvement in the outlook since the ACCC’s previous report is due to an increase in forecast gas production, and the LNG producers committing some additional sales to the domestic market.

The ACCC’s first seasonal forecast is more mixed within the year, with an 11 PJ domestic gas shortfall expected over winter, including a 26 PJ shortfall in the southern states (Victoria and South Australia). Additional gas will be required from Queensland producers.

However, in the fourth quarter a surplus of 18 PJ is expected across the east coast gas market.

“East coast LNG producers are expected to have uncontracted gas in each of the quarters of 2023 that could be used to prevent any shortfalls. However, they have firmly committed 45 PJ of their previously uncontracted gas to LNG spot cargoes or additional sales, leaving less uncontracted gas,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

“If gas supply is brought forward, for example through gas swaps, or if LNG producers commit further gas to the domestic market, supply should be sufficient to meet demand in the third quarter of 2023.”

“We encourage producers to consider this information and amend their plans to ensure domestic demand will be met each quarter,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

“Some caution is recommended in relation to these revised forecasts. A risk remains that lower-than-expected gas supply, including from the Northern Territory or the Gippsland Basin, or higher than expected domestic demand, such as for gas powered generation could lead to lower available gas supply.”

It should also be noted that this report relates to the near-term outlook for 2023 only. Our forecasts reported in the January 2023 interim report indicated shortfalls would be likely from 2027 if production was not expanded. The ACCC will continue to examine the long-term outlook in future reports.

The report provides information relevant to the Government in assessing whether there is likely to be a supply shortfall for the purposes of the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism.

Chart 1: Forecast east coast supply-demand balance in 2023 (PJ)

Source: ACCC analysis of data obtained from gas producers in January 2023 and the domestic demand forecast (Orchestrated Step Change scenario) from AEMO’s 2023 GSOO.      
Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding

Chart 2: Forecast east coast supply-demand balance in 2023 (PJ)

Source: ACCC analysis of data obtained from gas producers in January 2023 and of the domestic demand forecast (Orchestrated Step Change scenario) from AEMO’s 2023 GSOO.

Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding, including to the totals shown in Chart 1

Notes to editors

The supply data used in this report is based on information obtained directly from producers in response to compulsory information notices issued in January 2023.

The demand data is based on forecasts of LNG sales (obtained from LNG producers) and forecasts of domestic gas demand obtained from AEMO that is included in its March 2023 Gas Statement of Opportunities (GSOO) report.

AEMO has advised that this forecast reflects the best near-term continuation of observed trends impacting residential, commercial, and industrial consumption, and is the focus of their analysis in the 2023 GSOO. The ACCC has used the orchestrated step change scenario, which AEMO identified as the ‘most likely scenario’.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

Consumers are being warned to be wary of phone calls and texts that appear to be from their bank, following alarming reports of Australians losing their life savings to a highly sophisticated impersonation scam.

Reports to the ACCC’s Scamwatch indicate scammers are using new technology to trick their victims, by making the call appear to come from the bank’s legitimate phone number or by sending a text that appears in the same conversation thread as genuine bank messages.

Scamwatch received 14,603 reports about bank impersonation scams in 2022, resulting in more than $20 million in losses. Total losses to phone and text scams increased significantly last year, with over $169 million lost.

“We are incredibly concerned about bank impersonation scams because they can be so convincing, they are very hard to detect,” ACCC Deputy Chair Catriona Lowe said.

“What’s equally worrying about this particular scam, is that it is emptying every last cent out of victims’ savings accounts, with losses averaging $22,000 and more than 90 reports of losses between $40,000 and $800,000. This causes both financial and emotional devastation.”

“We know of a man who lost over $500,000 after receiving a call from someone claiming to be from a major bank’s security department, wanting to know if a payment had been authorised.”

“In another case, a man lost $38,000 after receiving a scam text message about a suspicious transaction. The scam text appeared in the same conversation thread as legitimate messages from his bank. He called the number in the text and was put through to a member of the banks’ fraud team. Unfortunately, it was an elaborate scam and he lost everything,” Ms Lowe said.

Bank impersonation scams impersonate the big four banks as well as other financial institutions.

Communications often have a sense of urgency to them, such as fraudulent activity raising red flags, or a frozen account.

“It is critical to remember that no matter how legitimate the call or message seems, a bank won’t ask you to urgently transfer funds,” Ms Lowe said.

“If you receive an SMS with a telephone number to call, do not use it. Instead, call your bank direct on a number you have sourced yourself. Likewise, hang up if you receive a call from someone claiming to be from your bank requesting you to transfer money to ‘keep it safe’. Ask for a reference number and call your bank back using contact details you have found independently.”

Never provide online banking passwords, one-time security codes, pins or tokens to anyone over the phone. Contact your bank or financial institution immediately if you think you have been scammed.

“Following recent mass data breaches, many Australians were encouraged to monitor their accounts for suspicious activity. Sadly, this has led to consumers acting on these scam calls and text messages out of fear that their accounts have been compromised,” Ms Lowe said.

Top tips for avoiding scams

Stop – take your time before giving money or personal information.

Think – ask yourself if the message or call could be fake?

Protect – act quickly if something feels wrong. Contact your bank and report scams to Scamwatch.

Signs of a bank impersonation scam

• There is a sense of urgency or threat to the message – “your bank account has been accessed”, “your bank account has been locked” “a payment has been made from your account. If this was not you, please call (phone number)”.
• The message looks different to other messages in the SMS thread, such as different wording or phrases used.
• The message may contain a suspicious looking link. Never click on links.
• The SMS has a telephone number to call – always find your bank’s phone number independently.
• The caller will tell you to transfer money to a different account to ‘keep it safe’ or for ‘further investigation’. This is not standard procedures for a bank. It is a scam.

Background

Scamwatch is aware of scammers impersonating banks using ‘spoofed’ phone numbers and sender IDs (also known as alpha tags). Spoofing is where software is used by scammers to copy the phone number or sender ID of a business. These scams are a sophisticated form of phishing and are designed to trick victims into contacting the scammers.

Both outgoing and incoming phone numbers can be spoofed. Scamwatch has seen examples where scammers send an SMS with the sender ID spoofed and tell the person to expect a phone call from their bank’s customer service. The scammer will then call the person on the spoofed bank telephone number.

The ACCC’s Scamwatch continues to work with other government agencies, law enforcement and the private sector to share intelligence, disrupt scams, advocate for consumers and raise awareness in the community.

In the October budget, the ACCC received seed funding from the government to scope and plan for a new National Anti-Scams Centre to support the community in the fight against scams.

If you have experienced cybercrime and lost money online, contact your bank immediately. You can also report to police via ReportCyber.

If you have given personal information to a scammer contact IDCARE.

Australians, regardless of whether they have lost money, are encouraged to report scams to Scamwatch. Reports can be made anonymously.

Learn more about how to get help on the Scamwatch website scamwatch.gov.au. Follow Scamwatch on Twitter or subscribe to radar alerts.

For crisis support to help with emotional distress about scams contact Lifeline on 13 11 14 or access support via the online chat between 7 pm and midnight. Beyond Blue also provides support for anxiety and depression 1300 22 4636 or chat online at Beyond Blue.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

Petrol prices increased slightly and diesel prices remained significantly higher than petrol prices in the December quarter 2022, according to the ACCC’s latest quarterly petrol monitoring report.

Quarterly average retail petrol prices in the five largest cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth) were 182.7 cents per litre (cpl), an increase of 5.0 cpl from the September quarter 2022. Average retail diesel prices were 222.9 cpl in the quarter, more than 40.0 cpl higher than average petrol prices.

“Our report shows a range of international factors contributed to higher retail diesel prices in Australia,” ACCC Chair Gina Cass-Gottlieb said.

“The small increase in average retail petrol prices in the major cities reflects the increase in taxes following the restoration of the full rate of excise from 29 September 2022, offset by a decline in international petrol prices.”

Diesel prices exceeded petrol prices due to higher international prices

The report shows that retail diesel prices continued to exceed petrol prices in the quarter due to the higher international refined diesel prices since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Reduced supplies of diesel from Russia, and from France due to refinery strikes, combined with increased demand for heating in the northern hemisphere winter kept diesel prices high.

Retail fuel prices in Australia are largely determined by international refined fuel prices, which are influenced by international crude oil prices, and the AUD–USD exchange rate. The following chart shows average international refined diesel prices (Gasoil 10 ppm prices) and international refined petrol prices (Mogas 95), in Australian cents per litre.

Monthly average Gasoil 10 ppm and Mogas 95 prices in nominal terms: January 2020

Source: ACCC calculations based on data from Argus Media and the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA).
Notes: The shaded area in the chart represents the December quarter 2022.
The green dotted line indicates when the Russian invasion of Ukraine began (20 February 2022).

“Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to international diesel prices moving higher than petrol in early 2022. While international refined fuel prices reduced in the December quarter, the difference between the diesel and petrol benchmarks continued,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

The increase in average petrol prices largely reflected full excise restoration

Petrol and diesel excise was halved in March 2022. When the excise cut ceased from 29 September, the rate of excise increased from 23.0 cpl to 46.0 cpl.

Changes in the three broad components of average retail petrol prices in the major cities largely reflect the increase in taxes (that is, both excise and GST) following the excise restoration.

Quarterly average changes in the components of retail petrol prices in the five largest cities: December quarter 2022

Crude oil prices continued to decrease in the December quarter amid concerns about a potential global recession, rising interest rates and lower demand.

“Despite lower international prices, the influence of the fully restored fuel excise and a lower AUD-USD exchange rate meant overall that average retail petrol prices across the largest cities were slightly higher than in the previous quarter,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

The following chart shows movements in seven-day rolling average retail petrol prices in the five largest capital cities from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The chart also indicates when fuel excise was cut from 30 March 2022, and when it was restored from 29 September 2022.

Seven-day rolling average retail petrol prices in the five largest cities in nominal terms: 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022 – cpl

Source: ACCC calculations based on data from FUELtrac.
Notes: The shaded area in the chart represents the December quarter 2022.
The 2 dotted lines indicate the cut in fuel excise from 30 March 2022 and the restoration of full excise from 29 September 2022.

Among the five largest capitals, average retail petrol prices were highest this quarter in Melbourne (185.2 cpl) and lowest in Adelaide (178.9 cpl). In the smaller capital cities, average retail petrol prices decreased in Canberra and Darwin by 7.4 cpl and 7.6 cpl, respectively, and increased in Hobart by 2.8 cpl.

Average petrol prices across the 190 regional locations the ACCC monitors were 187.0 cpl, an increase of 0.1 cpl from the September quarter 2022. Average regional prices were 4.3 cpl higher than average prices in the five largest cities, compared with 9.2 cpl higher in the September quarter.

Greater fuel price transparency welcomed in two jurisdictions

In November 2022, the NSW fuel price transparency scheme (FuelCheck) was expanded to include retail sites in the ACT as part of a six-month pilot. The Northern Territory Government also announced it would start publishing historical fuel price data to help motorists find outlets which have the lowest prices over time.

“The ACCC has long supported fuel price transparency schemes, so it is pleasing to see more motorists having access to real-time and comprehensive price information to help them save money on fuel,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

Victoria is now the only jurisdiction in Australia without a real-time and comprehensive fuel price transparency scheme.

Note to editors

‘Petrol’ means regular unleaded petrol (RULP) unless otherwise specified.

Singapore Mogas 95 Unleaded (Mogas 95) is the relevant international benchmark for the wholesale price of petrol in Australia. Singapore Gasoil with 10 parts per million sulphur content (Gasoil 10 ppm) is the international benchmark for the wholesale price of diesel.

The ACCC uses a seven-day rolling average basis to analyse movements in daily retail petrol prices. A seven-day rolling average price is the average of the current day’s price and prices on the six previous days.

Background

The ACCC has been monitoring retail prices in all capital cities and over 190 regional locations across Australia since 2007.

On 14 December 2022, the Treasurer issued a new direction to the ACCC to monitor the prices, costs and profits relating to the supply of petroleum products in the petroleum industry in Australia and produce a report every quarter for a further three years. This is the ACCC’s first quarterly petrol monitoring under the new direction.

Source: Australian Ministers for Regional Development

Supporting more reliable internet services and ensuring investment in the NBN is prudent and efficient are key aspects of the ACCC’s draft determination on the regulatory settings for NBN Co to apply from 1 July 2026, released today.

“The NBN is essential infrastructure for households and businesses across Australia. Our draft determination is designed to protect consumers by enhancing service standards and ensuring NBN Co’s costs are efficient, while still allowing the company to invest and operate sustainably.” ACCC Chair Gina Cass-Gottlieb said.

The draft determination outlines the ACCC’s preliminary views on NBN Co’s expenditure, revenue requirements, benchmark service standards and entry‑level broadband offers.

The draft determination follows extensive consultation with NBN Co and other stakeholders and closer regulatory scrutiny introduced under the variation to the Special Access Undertaking in late-2023.

The Special Access Undertaking (SAU) is a key piece of the framework regulating access to the NBN. It outlines certain rules and processes, including on the price and non-price terms on which NBN Co supplies services to internet providers.

The SAU   breaks up different regulatory periods applying to NBN Co into regulatory cycles of between 3 and 5 years, and there is a replacement module process for updating the regulatory settings that apply in each cycle.

This process allows for these regulatory settings to be updated so they can deliver on their intended purpose of promoting the long-term interests of end users. The current regulatory cycle will end on 30 June 2026.

“Our preliminary views reflect that we have seen improvements in some of NBN Co’s processes since the revised SAU commenced in 2023. However, more work is still required to ensure services meet consumer needs at an efficient cost.” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

Enhanced service standards to improve consumer experience

The ACCC’s draft determination proposes enhancements to NBN Co’s current benchmark service standards, following extensive consultation including a stakeholder forum in late 2025.

In February 2026, NBN Co made a detailed submission that substantially expanded on its original benchmark service standards proposal. The ACCC’s preliminary view is to adopt many of NBN Co’s proposals, while also proposing to introduce further enhancements beyond those put forward by NBN Co.

These include measures to reduce wait times for connections and fault resolutions, ensure NBN Co’s networks are delivering adequate speeds, and provide more notice to consumers when technician appointments are rescheduled.

The changes are particularly important for consumers on copper, fixed wireless and HFC services where existing standards have not adequately addressed service issues.

“Our proposed benchmark service standards are designed to facilitate a better experience for everyday NBN users, including reducing connection timeframes for consumers outside the cities,” Ms Cass-Gottlieb said.

“We recognise that reliable broadband is essential, especially in regional, rural and remote communities, where consumers rely on their NBN connection to access services and participate fully in their community.”

The ACCC also proposes new benchmark service standards to help manage network capability to support retail speeds and address areas of the network prone to congestion.

Faster entry‑level broadband speeds

Retail plans on the 25/10 Mbps speed tier are proposed to become the entry‑level NBN product for most consumers from mid-2027. NBN Co has also committed to pricing these speed tiers in line with 25/5 Mbps speed tiers from 1 July 2026, effectively making them equal to the entry level offer. 

These offers would apply to NBN networks other than satellite and reflect growing consumer demand for higher upload speeds to support modern usage, including uploading large files.

“By proposing 25/10 Mbps as the entry-level NBN plan, we’re recognising the growing need for faster upload speeds to be accessible to all Australians,” said Ms Cass-Gottlieb.

“Higher upload capacity should not be a premium feature, but a baseline expectation for NBN users to support current work and home internet use.”

Lower regulated costs and revenue requirements

NBN Co uses a building block model to calculate its regulated costs, which costs are referred to as the annual building block revenue requirement (ABBRR). This model looks at NBN Co’s expected costs, income, return on investment and the value of its network assets.

The ACCC’s preliminary view is to determine a lower ABBRR than NBN Co has proposed on the basis that some of NBN Co’s recent and forecast expenditure was not prudent or efficient, and that the weighted average cost of capital should be set lower.

The weighted average cost of capital measures the average cost a company incurs to finance its operations using debt and equity and is part of the calculation of the ABBRR.

The draft determination proposes:

• total forecast capital expenditure of $6.9 billion (real FY2024) for the 2027-29 regulatory cycle, about 18 per cent lower than NBN Co’s proposal
• total forecast operating expenditure of $7.89 billion (real FY2024) for the 2027-29 regulatory cycle, which is $5.1 million more than proposed
• inclusion of $10.4 billion (real FY2024) of capital expenditure in the regulated asset base for FY24-26, about 3 per cent lower than proposed
• preliminary weighted average cost of capital estimates of 6.49% for 2026-27, 6.52% for 2027-28 and 6.56% for 2028-29

Feedback on the draft determination

The ACCC invites submissions on this draft determination by 5pm on Tuesday, 28 April 2026.

Submissions can be sent via email to nbn@accc.gov.au.

Submissions will inform the ACCC’s final replacement module determination, expected to be delivered in June 2026.

Background

NBN Co’s services must be declared under Part XIC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA). They are therefore subject to an access regime that has the objective of promoting the long-term interests of end users.

NBN Co’s current Special Access Undertaking (SAU) provides a long-term regulatory framework for regulating access to the NBN and the supply of NBN Co’s services. It has been in place since 2013 and is scheduled to operate until 2040.

The SAU specifies rules to determine maximum prices and benchmark service standards for those services, amongst other things. It also establishes processes for NBN Co to follow when developing or withdrawing products, and processes to provide transparency and certainty over future pricing intentions, and its cost accounting arrangements and financial performance more generally.

Due to its very long duration, the SAU contains a replacement module process to update certain settings in SAU modules. NBN Co lodged its replacement module application on 2 July 2025.

The ACCC’s draft replacement module determination follows extensive consultation with NBN Co and other stakeholders.

The ACCC is required to make its replacement module determination at least 20 business days before the last day of the current regulatory cycle (30 June 2026), unless extended.

Source: Government of Western Australia

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